News
American Elections
So it’s that time of year again. The votes have been counted and the results announced. Barack Obama has secured a second term in office and will be President of the United States of America for the next four years. Cue the media rush to pin point what really made the election tip in the favour of Obama. Aside from the issues specific to each election, there are a number of generic issues that are relevant to every US presidential election, and that is the dispute over the Electoral College system that is an essential part the election system in the USA. It is an issue that never fails to come under the spotlight every four years. This article will also address the issue of swing states and their significance in the election process.
Swing States:
What are swing states?
Essentially, these are the states that do not have an obvious voting pattern. Basically, if a state is not classified as a swing state, the state tends to vote for one of the two main political parties consistently. So as you have probably deduced yourself, a swing state is a state that votes for the democrats some years and for the republicans some years. Or, if you prefer a more approved definition, here’s one from Oxford Dictionaries: “a US state where the two major political parties have similar levels of support among voters, viewed as important in determining the overall result of a presidential election”. “Safe” states, on the other hand are the opposite of “swing” states, as they tend to vote for the same political party in every election.
Why are swing states so important?
The reason why everyone is repeating “swing state” over and over again is because swing states can really make or break an election. The more swing states a candidate wins, the closer that candidate is to the white house. There are numerous swing states. The swing states in this year’s election were Colorado, Florida, Iowa, Nevada, New Hampshire, North Carolina, Ohio, Virginia and Wisconsin. The swing states accounted for 110 electoral votes, which can make a large difference in the position of a candidate.
Therefore, we can see that the swing states are often of great importance and this is why the candidates often invest much of their last few days of precious campaigning time in swing states. In fact, both Romney and Obama spent a number of days in Ohio campaigning coming up to Election Day. Therefore, the election is often shaped by the number of swing states that a candidate wins, as sometimes the candidates can be neck and neck when only considering the “safe” states.
The Electoral College:
What is the Electoral College?
The 50 states and the District of Columbia are each assigned a number of electors. If the majority of the population in one state votes for a particular candidate, then all of the votes of the electors of that state go to that candidate. “The Electoral College consists of 538 electors” and a candidate needs at least “270 electoral votes” in order to win the election.
Why is the Electoral College an issue?
Many believe that the Electoral College system is unfair because it encourages candidates to “ignore most small states and some large ones” because other states have more electoral votes . Furthermore, some argue that the Electoral College means that not every vote counts. Take the example of a “safe” state which typically votes for the republican candidate. All those democratic votes in that state will not actually count because the majority of people in the safe state will vote for the republicans and so any votes from the state that are not republican votes will have no value.
Although the Electoral College system does attract much criticism, some argue that the system is fair as it prevents the “large states” from having “all the power” in an election and therefore forces the candidate to have support from both larger and smaller states in order to be elected. Rick Weible, who is himself an elector for the state of Minnesota, argued that if the president was only elected on the grounds of a “popular vote, you could really just go to California, Ohio, New York, Florida and Texas, and be done campaigning,”5 because these states have a large population and therefore could decide the outcome of an election on their own.
To find out more…
There are countless sources and articles that cover the purpose and importance of the Electoral College and swing states, but here are just a few which I found interesting…
This is a great video that sums up the election system very concisely:
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=W9H3gvnN468
[Accessed 23rd November 2012]
The Discontent of Ancient Syrian City Aleppo
The skies over Aleppo that used to buzz to the sound of attack helicopters and the roar of fighter jets are largely clear, at least for the meantime. What replaces these skies is unkind rainfall.
Although it is agonizing to dwell on the misfortunes of a string of crisis events in Syria, it is important for the future educators of our world to have an insight on what becomes of cities caught up in intensified conflict. Mounds of rubbish in Aleppo have not stopped rising in the preceding winter months. There have been serious setbacks as a result of rebel occupation in the heart of Aleppo’s ancient city.
What remains a reality in Syria is a life full of torment and trauma. Families once bonded under the same roof are now dispersed around all parts of Syria, trying desperately to cross its nation’s borders to escape the ongoing conflict.
Media suggests refugees have been taking flight to other neighbouring countries. It is estimated that more than 400,000 Syrians have fled to Jordan, Lebanon, Iraq and Turkey and are receiving assistance from the UN.
In addition, 2.5 million citizens are known to be locally displaced due to the outbreaks of war. Refugees have been flooding into neighbouring countries. It has been reaffirmed on countless occasions that Syria’s populace will need UN support in the coming year.
The conflict started in Syria’s southern city of Deraa, after the arrest and alleged torture of some teenagers who painted revolutionary slogans on a school wall. The news leaked rapidly and became a nationwide concern demanding the resignation of Syria’s President Bashar al-Assad.
Impoverished communities can now be seen picking at the rubbish mounds in search of food rations to survive in the unsympathetic winter months in Syria’s Aleppo. What has become of this rebel-governed place is indeed a concern not only to the individual put to a father who seeks to feed his starving children in the midst of rebel conflict.
BBC’s Ian Pannel reports on the severities faced by Syria’s common people in Aleppo. Many of Aleppo’s residents still cling to the hope of a better future and a more welcoming tomorrow that embraces peace and stability. These same residents are still hopeful that the continuing fighting will die out and pave the way for necessary social reforms.
“In free Syria, petrol now comes from a barrel at the side of the road. Three times the price it was before the revolution. People queue for hours in the cold for bread, now ten times more expensive and in short supply. The bombardment has subsided, but the suffering hasn’t and the fighting has just moved elsewhere,” explains BBC’s Ian Pannel.
There is now a sentiment of stress and anxiety installed in the combative bodies supporting the Syrian government and the rebel forces. Signs of warfare can be seen between the conflicts of these two rival groups.
The stubborn rebels are not afraid of making a stand and overruling small government camps positioned near their frontier line. Their war code is strictly on a hit-until-destroyed basis. Few survivors have emerged from a scene of bloodshed and dismay.
Aleppo’s darkening hours see a street left abandoned by people. There have been power and water shortages as a result of cuts, and as night falls starvation and darkness lurks over the city. Those few, who still take to the streets after the sun has set, are still determined on queuing for bread and other cheap resources.
Aleppo’s loyalist social bands have been persistently shelled and shot at as winter’s bitter months start to set in. A cold and hungry population is eagerly persevering to earn some reconciliation in a potentially revolutionized Syria. Normal life no longer resides within the city of Aleppo. Instead, families flee to abandoned sites and ruins under the most shocking circumstances. These communities have been stripped of everything that holds dear to them, and all they can do is pray and hope for the day when their nation no longer maltreats them as refugees.
A victim of Aleppo’s internal conflicts, Abu Fadi has been on his feet in a queue for an uncompromising three hours, waiting for the opportunity to collect his rations from a star around the corner. "There is no bread, no water, no electricity, no work," he said. "It takes more than 24 hours to get bread and it's been five days since I was even able to take a shower."
Anger and frustration result in frequent arguments outside of food shelter windows. People’s attention has no longer strayed from the fact that their country is undergoing a series of condemning hostilities. The rebel forces, dubbed “Free Syrian Army”, are trying to keep the cool among Aleppo’s streets, but anger remains unsettled. "I blame the FSA because it's in charge. The one in charge should provide water, food, everything," complained Abu Walid with righteous indignation. "Who's in charge? Aren't they in charge of us?"
Those who did not take refuge were left in the rubble of their homes. It is unsurprising that a conflict, now ongoing since March of 2011, has resulted in the loss of tens of thousands of lives. Reprisal is sought after by innocents caught up in an unknown battle, but little has let up in the way of rebel aggressiveness. Syria is now a nation truly divided on all fronts.
The Eurozone Plunges Back into Recession
General strikes have halted transportation, businesses and more notably schools as a result of the November 14th austerity counteract. It was a far bigger turn out than expected and throws down a challenge not just to the Spanish government but to Europe’s leaders as a whole. Earlier on, protesters had tried to urge a mass strike by blocking roads. There were a series of severe clashes between the protesters and police as participants of the strike attempted to rouse a seemingly bigger scene of unrest and social tension.
“We cannot go on this way like Greece, Italy and Spain, all the cuts are bringing more and more unemployment and worse conditions”, a Portuguese protester remarks.
The European Trade Union (ETU) have recently informed the European public through the following statement: “The ETUC strongly opposes the austerity measures which are plunging Europe into economic stagnation, recession, and dismantling the European social model. These measures, far from restoring confidence, are only aggravating imbalances and creating injustices.”
The ongoing dispute between the repulsive governments that make up the heart of the European Union and their citizens has stirred up a Europe in crisis as recession and unemployment mark staggering disappointment and little room for economic growth. Policies attacking industrial relations are just not working in the eyes of protesters, who have taken to the streets of Spain, Greece, Portugal and Italy.
Bernadette Segol, general secretary of the European Trade Union Confederation argued that there was a "democratic deficit" in the Eurozone and the International Monetary Fund, the European Central Bank and the European Commission are dictating economic policies.
"We need urgent solutions to get the economy back on track, not stifle it with austerity. Europe's leaders are wrong not to listen to the anger of the people who are taking to the streets," she explained.
In Madrid, protesters went from store to store pulling down shutters, turning against those occupying restaurants, and surrounding Taxi drivers that continued working. Spain is in recession for the second time in three years where unemployment is nearly 26%. A national strike in Portugal was sparked by a debt of 107% of national income, and in Greece protesters barked “we’ve had enough” as their economy has shrunk a startling 23% in the last 5 years.
Greece stepped out onto the streets on a 3 hour rally to project their anger and dissatisfaction to the unpopular government who have failed yet again to provide support via displeasing international lenders.
Tania Karayiannis, international officer and member of the executive committee of Adedy, the union of civil servant employees, says "This is our only hope."
In Germany, small gatherings of demonstrators led by trade unions assembled across Germany early in the morning of the day now dubbed 14N to urge solidarity in support of their fellow Europeans elsewhere. Although Germany showed early signs of protesting, the day followed with cancelled flights hit by strikes abroad as Germany remained, for the most part, untouched by social unrest.
These flocks of synchronized protests have echoed some sort of guiding principle that should hopefully put forth a power to change Europe for the better. “We need to follow the example of Greece, and get more action after today” said unemployed Kyria Kos on the Lisbon demonstration. “The people of the world are rising up. Together we can do it.”